Exosomes are the smallest extracellular vesicles, ranging in size from 30 to 150 nm, and are found in most body fluids. Exosomes can be obtained from nearly all cell types in the body. Each exosome shares the characteristics of its source.

 

Exosomes play a role in intercellular communication. They influence biological processes by carrying information and molecules contained within cells to other cells. They carry functional microRNAs, making them a highly sought-after and innovative delivery platform.

 

Exosomes carry materials such as proteins (e.g., cytokines, growth factors), enzymes, lipids and metabolites, DNA fragments, mRNA, and microRNAs.

 

Their primary functions include intercellular information transfer, regulating the immune response, triggering tissue repair and regeneration, and preventing or suppressing the spread of diseases.